Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

86.8K

Predictors of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born extremely preterm

Alicia J Spittle1, Deanne K Thompson2, Joy E Olsen3

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy and Newborn Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.

Seminars in Perinatology
|August 30, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children born extremely preterm face significant neurodevelopmental challenges. Early identification of risk factors in newborns is crucial for timely intervention and improved long-term outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Children born extremely preterm (gestation <28 weeks) exhibit higher risks for neurodevelopmental issues compared to full-term infants.
  • These challenges can manifest as cognitive, motor, and behavioral difficulties, impacting academic and health outcomes.
  • Predicting these long-term outcomes is complex, necessitating a comprehensive approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm infants.
  • To highlight the importance of early assessment and intervention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established predictors in the newborn period.
  • Inclusion of perinatal factors, neuroimaging, neurobehavioral assessments, and socio-environmental influences.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on risk assessment.

Main Results:

  • Identified key predictors including perinatal complications, specific neuroimaging markers, and early neurobehavioral patterns.
  • Emphasized the role of social and environmental factors in shaping outcomes.
  • Highlighted the variability in neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-disciplinary team assessment is vital for accurate risk stratification.
  • Early identification of at-risk infants facilitates timely referral for targeted interventions.
  • Personalized risk assessment improves management of extremely preterm infants.

More Related Videos

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

11.5K
Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates05:58

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

Published on: September 6, 2017

39.7K

Related Concept Videos

Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
531
Biological Influences on Intelligence01:30

Biological Influences on Intelligence

Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
279
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
443
The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
199
Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
203
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
43.3K