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Mismatch negativity in patients with major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis
Yi-Jhan Tseng1, Rui Nouchi2, Chia-Hsiung Cheng3
1Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Objective:
Deficits of mismatch negativity (MMN), a general index of echoic memory function, have been documented in patients with schizophrenia. However, it remains controversial whether patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) demonstrate MMN defects compared with healthy controls (HC).
Methods:
After screening 41 potential studies identified in PubMed and Medline, 13 studies consisting of 343 HC and 339 patients with MDD were included in the present meta-analysis. The effect sizes (Hedges's g) with a random-effect and inverse-variance weighted model were estimated for the MMN amplitudes and latencies. The effects of different deviant types (i.e., frequency and duration) and of different illness stages (i.e., acute and chronic) on MMN were also examined.
Results:
We found that 1) MMN amplitudes (g = 1.273, p < 0.001) and latencies (g = 0.303, p = 0.027) to duration, but not frequency deviants, were significantly impaired in patients with MDD compared to HC; 2), acute patients exhibited lower MMN amplitudes (g = 1.735, p < 0.001) and prolonged MMN latencies (g = 0.461, p = 0.007) for the duration deviants compared to HC. Only the attenuated duration MMN amplitudes were detected in patients with chronic MDD (g = 0.822, p = 0.027); and 3) depressive symptoms did not significantly correlate with MMN responses.
Conclusions:
Patients with MDD demonstrated abnormal MMN responses to duration deviants compared to HC.
Significance:
Duration MMN may constitute an electrophysiological indicator to differentiate HC from patients with MDD, particularly those in the acute stage.
Insights
Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients show impaired mismatch negativity (MMN) responses to duration changes, unlike healthy controls. This electrophysiological difference is more pronounced in acute stages of MDD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an electrophysiological measure of auditory sensory memory.
- MMN deficits are established in schizophrenia, but their presence in major depressive disorder (MDD) is debated.
- Understanding MMN in MDD could offer insights into cognitive dysfunction in this disorder.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a meta-analysis investigating MMN differences between patients with MDD and healthy controls (HC).
- To examine MMN responses to different deviant types (frequency, duration) and illness stages (acute, chronic) in MDD.
Main Methods:
- A meta-analysis of 13 studies involving 343 HC and 339 MDD patients.
- Estimation of effect sizes for MMN amplitudes and latencies using a random-effect model.
- Analysis of MMN variations based on deviant type and MDD illness stage.
Main Results:
- Patients with MDD exhibited significantly impaired MMN amplitudes and prolonged latencies to duration deviants compared to HC.
- Acute MDD patients showed more pronounced MMN impairments (lower amplitudes, prolonged latencies) for duration deviants.
- Chronic MDD patients displayed attenuated MMN amplitudes for duration deviants, but not frequency deviants.
Conclusions:
- MDD patients demonstrate abnormal MMN responses, specifically to duration deviants.
- Duration MMN may serve as an electrophysiological marker to distinguish MDD patients, especially in acute phases, from healthy individuals.
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