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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.0K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

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Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

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Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
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OaAEP1-Mediated Enzymatic Synthesis and Immobilization of Polymerized Protein for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
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Modification of Proteins Using Olefin Metathesis.

Marco S Messina1,2, Heather D Maynard1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.

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Olefin metathesis enables protein modification and the creation of novel protein-polymer conjugates. This review highlights advances in catalyst development and applications in bioconjugation and materials science.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Olefin metathesis is a powerful carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction.
  • Advancements in catalyst development have led to highly active and stable metathesis catalysts.
  • These catalysts have broad applications in natural product synthesis, materials science, and bioconjugation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of olefin metathesis strategies for protein modification.
  • To highlight the development of stable metathesis catalysts facilitating protein modification.
  • To discuss the generation of protein-polymer conjugates via ring-opening metathesis polymerization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early peptide modification strategies to identify stable metathesis catalysts.
  • Application of cross metathesis for protein modification.
  • Utilizing ring-opening metathesis polymerization for protein-polymer conjugate synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated utility of olefin metathesis in modifying peptides and proteins.
  • Successful generation of protein-polymer conjugates.
  • Advancement of stable and active transition-metal-based metathesis catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • Olefin metathesis provides versatile strategies for protein functionalization.
  • The development of robust catalysts has expanded the scope of protein modification.
  • This approach enables the creation of advanced biomaterials and bioconjugates.