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Hearing Loss in Neurological Disorders.

Siyu Li1,2, Cheng Cheng1,2, Ling Lu1,2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|August 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is common and linked to neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This review explores hearing loss in these conditions and their mechanisms.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderhearing lossmolecular mechanismsneurodegenerative diseasespathological mechanisms

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affects over 466 million globally, with projections reaching 900 million by 2050.
  • Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's (HD), and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), frequently present with hearing loss alongside typical neurological symptoms.
  • The pathological hallmarks of SNHL involve damage to cochlear hair cells, supporting cells, and auditory nerve endings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current literature on auditory dysfunctions in common neurological disorders.
  • To elucidate the pathological and molecular mechanisms underlying hearing loss associated with various neurological conditions.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of hearing loss prevalence and manifestations across different neurological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of clinical trials and preclinical research (e.g., mouse models).
  • Analysis of studies focusing on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and neuropathological underpinnings of hearing loss in neurological disorders.
  • Synthesis of data on molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to auditory dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Neurological disorders exhibit diverse patterns of hearing loss, varying in prevalence and specific manifestations.
  • Shared and distinct pathological pathways link neurological diseases to cochlear and neural damage.
  • Evidence suggests a complex interplay between genetic, molecular, and cellular factors in the development of hearing loss in neurological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Hearing loss is a significant and often overlooked comorbidity in many neurological disorders.
  • Understanding the shared and unique mechanisms can inform diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for both neurological conditions and hearing impairment.
  • Further research into the neuropathological basis of auditory dysfunction is crucial for improving patient outcomes.