Two-Step Regulation Strategy Improving Stress Transfer and Poling Efficiency Boosts Piezoelectric Performance of 0-3...

The rapid development of flexible micropower electronics has aided the opportunity for the broader application of flexible piezoelectric composites (PCs) but has also led to higher requirements for their power generation. Among them, 0-3 PCs with embedded zero-dimension piezoparticle fillers, although low cost and easy to prepare, suffer from suboptimal output performance because of inherent structural defects. In this work, the voltage output was increased from 3.4 to 12.7 V under a force of 7 N, through first-step regulation by aligning the KNbO₃ (KN) particles in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix; then, a significantly enhanced current output (from 0.7 to 4.5 μA) through second-step regulation by introducing copper nanorods (Cu NRs) interspersed in the gaps between the KN chains. Consequently, the proposed PC exhibits much higher power density, 37.3 μW/cm², than that of random KN/PDMS and thus shows good potential for high-performance, flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters.