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Related Concept Videos

Physical Pendulum01:06

Physical Pendulum

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When a rigid body is hanging freely from a fixed pivot point and is displaced, it oscillates similar to a simple pendulum and is known as a physical pendulum. The period and angular frequency of a physical pendulum are obtained by using the small-angle approximation and drawing parallels with a spring-mass system. The small-angle approximation (sinθ=θ) is valid up to about 14°.
When dealing with complicated systems, the mass moment of inertia is an important parameter, as it...
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New scale for assessing spasticity based on the pendulum test.

Antonina Aleksić1, Dejan B Popović2

  • 1Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade Serbia.

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|August 30, 2021
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Summary

A new SPAsticity Scale (SPAS) offers detailed spasticity assessment for paralysis rehabilitation, correlating with the Modified Ashworth Score (MAS) but providing finer gradation and type identification.

Keywords:
Spasticitymodelingpendulum testspasticity score – SPASspinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Quantified spasticity assessment is crucial for effective rehabilitation in individuals with paralysis.
  • Existing measures like the Modified Ashworth Score (MAS) have limitations in detailed spasticity gradation.
  • Spinal cord injury often leads to spasticity, impacting motor function and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the SPAsticity Scale (SPAS) for a more nuanced quantification of spasticity.
  • To compare the SPAS with the established Modified Ashworth Score (MAS).
  • To identify spasticity level and type (flexion/extension) using the SPAS.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the SPAsticity Scale (SPAS) based on a complex pendulum oscillation model including spastic torques.
  • Utilizing wearable technology with inertial measurement units and EMG sensors for data collection.
  • Testing the SPAS in subjects with complete chronic spinal cord injury.

Main Results:

  • The SPAS demonstrated a high correlation with the Modified Ashworth Score (MAS).
  • The SPAS provided a more delicate gradation of spasticity compared to the MAS.
  • SPAS parameters effectively distinguished between flexion and extension spasticity types.

Conclusions:

  • The SPAsticity Scale (SPAS) is a valuable tool for precise spasticity assessment in spinal cord injury patients.
  • SPAS offers superior detail in characterizing spasticity compared to the MAS, aiding rehabilitation planning.
  • Wearable sensor technology enables objective and detailed quantification of spasticity during movement analysis.