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BIOMECHANICAL FACTORS IN RESIDUAL LIMB FORMATION AFTER AMPUTATION
Viktor I Shevchuk1, Yurii O Bezsmertnyi1, Halyna V Bezsmertna1
1RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF REHABILITATION OF NATIONAL PIROGOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, VINNYTSIA, UKRAINE.
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)
|August 30, 2021
Summary
Biomechanical factors significantly impact residual limb healing after amputation. Proper muscle tension and medullary canal closure promote cylindrical stumps and bone repair, while imbalances lead to disorders and malformed stumps.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
- Surgical Research
Background:
- Amputation leads to residual limb formation, a complex biological process.
- Morphological disorders can complicate reparative regeneration, impacting long-term outcomes.
- Biomechanical factors are hypothesized to influence the quality of residual limb regeneration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of biomechanical factors on morphological disorders during reparative regeneration of residual limbs.
- To elucidate the role of muscle tension and medullary canal closure in bone healing post-amputation.
Main Methods:
- 10 experimental series on 144 rabbits.
- Myodesis with varied muscle tension (normal, insufficient, excessive) and electrical stimulation.
- Investigated tight and leaky closure of the bone marrow canal.
- Histological analysis with ink-gelatin vascular filling over 1, 3, and 6 months.
Main Results:
- Dense medullary closure and uniform muscle tension resulted in cylindrical residual limbs, preserved cortical plates, and normalized intraosseous microcirculation.
- Incomplete closure and uneven muscle tension led to disordered regeneration, incomplete repair, and pathological bone reorganization.
- Various stump shapes were observed, correlating with biomechanical conditions.
Conclusions:
- Uneven muscle tension and unclosed medullary canals disrupt intraosseous microcirculation.
- These factors contribute to periosteal bone formation, cartilage exostases, and clavate stumps.
- Pathological changes include resorption, fractures, curvature, and the formation of conical stumps.
