Design and Comparison of Image Hashing Methods: A Case Study on Cork Stopper Unique Identification

Cork stoppers were shown to have unique characteristics that allow their use for authentication purposes in an anti-counterfeiting effort. This authentication process relies on the comparison between a user's cork image and all registered cork images in the database of genuine items. With the growth of the database, this one-to-many comparison method becomes lengthier and therefore usefulness decreases. To tackle this problem, the present work designs and compares hashing-assisted image matching methods that can be used in cork stopper authentication. The analyzed approaches are the discrete cosine transform, wavelet transform, Radon transform, and other methods such as difference hash and average hash. The most successful approach uses a 1024-bit hash length and difference hash method providing a 98% accuracy rate. By transforming the image matching into a hash matching problem, the approach presented becomes almost 40 times faster when compared to the literature.