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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 22, 2025

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation
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Applications of upconversion nanoparticles in cellular optogenetics.

Yinyan Lin1, Yuanfa Yao1, Wanmei Zhang2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.

Acta Biomaterialia
|August 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Upconversion-mediated optogenetics uses lanthanide upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to remotely control cellular activities in deep tissues with near-infrared light. This technique shows promise for neural, cancer, and cardiac applications in vivo.

Keywords:
NanoparticlesNear-infraredOptogeneticsUpconversion

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optogenetics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Optogenetics enables optical control of cellular functions using photoactivatable proteins.
  • Traditional optogenetics is limited in deep-tissue applications due to light penetration depth.
  • Lanthanide upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can convert near-infrared (NIR) light into visible light, enabling remote activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest developments in upconversion-mediated optogenetics.
  • To highlight the integration of UCNPs with optogenetics for deep-tissue manipulation.
  • To discuss the biomedical applications and future challenges of this hybrid technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on UCNPs and optogenetic modules.
  • Emphasis on the integration strategies of UCNPs with optogenetic systems.
  • Analysis of in vivo applications in neural, cancer, and cardiac research.

Main Results:

  • UCNPs enable remote, spatiotemporally resolved control of cellular activities in deep tissues.
  • Upconversion-mediated optogenetics has demonstrated potential in neural/brain activity control, cancer therapy, and cardiac optogenetics in vivo.
  • Integration of UCNPs and optogenetics offers minimal invasiveness and cell-type specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Upconversion-mediated optogenetics is a promising technique for deep-tissue manipulation.
  • Further optimization of UCNPs and optogenetic modules will advance this hybrid technology.
  • Potential for significant discoveries in biomedical research and new treatments for human diseases.