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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Assessment of Intestinal Transcytosis of Neonatal Escherichia coli Bacteremia Isolates
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Admission screening and cohort care decrease carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae in Vietnamese pediatric ICU's.

K Garpvall1, V Duong2, S Linnros1

  • 1Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B 4fl, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
|August 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Admission screening for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and cohort care significantly reduced CRE acquisition and hospital-acquired infections (HAI) in pediatric ICUs. This strategy also decreased hospital stays and associated treatment costs.

Keywords:
Admission screeningCarbapenem resistant EnterobacteriaceaeCohort careHospital acquired infectionsPediatric and neonatal care

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) pose a significant threat in healthcare settings, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs).
  • Effective strategies are needed to curb the spread of CRE and its associated complications, such as Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of admission screening for CRE and subsequent cohort care on reducing CRE acquisition.
  • To assess the effect of this intervention on HAI rates, hospital stay duration, mortality, and treatment costs in pediatric ICUs.

Main Methods:

  • Implementing CRE screening using rectal swabs and selective culture upon admission and weekly for negative patients.
  • Utilizing cohort care strategies based on patients' CRE colonization status.
  • Stratifying patients into time-based groups to analyze changes in CRE acquisition over time.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in CRE acquisition was observed, from 90% to 48% over the study periods (OR=3.2, p<0.005).
  • Patients with CRE acquisition experienced higher rates of culture-confirmed HAI (14% vs. 2%), longer hospital stays (3.26 vs. 2.37 weeks), and increased treatment costs ($2852 vs. $2295).

Conclusions:

  • Admission CRE screening combined with cohort care is an effective strategy to reduce CRE acquisition in pediatric ICUs.
  • This intervention leads to a significant reduction in HAI cases and hospital stay duration, contributing to better patient outcomes and resource management.