Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Classifications and an approach to diagnosis

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of illnesses that share a tendency to transform into myelofibrosis and acute leukaemias. Their initial presenting symptoms may be non-specific, which can make diagnosis difficult without a structured approach.

The aim of the article is to provide general practitioners (GPs) insight into the classification and clinical approach to diagnosis of MPNs.

An elevated peripheral blood cell count is often among the first presenting features of an MPN. Although MPNs are rare illnesses, the GP is well placed to identify suspicious features and initiate investigations and referral. It is therefore important for GPs to have an approach to differentiating between reactive and neoplastic causes of elevated blood cell counts.