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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Updated: May 4, 2026

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance
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Single Iridium Atom Doped Ni2P Catalyst for Optimal Oxygen Evolution.

Qi Wang1, Zhe Zhang2, Chao Cai3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel iridium single atom on Ni2P catalyst (IrSA-Ni2P) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This catalyst achieves a record low overpotential, significantly boosting OER performance and stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer 100% active sites for oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
  • Enhancing OER catalytic activity and stability in SACs, especially with overpotentials below 180 mV, remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly active and stable single-atom catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
  • To investigate the structural and electronic properties influencing the catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of iridium single atom on Ni2P catalyst (IrSA-Ni2P).
  • Electrochemical characterization of OER performance, including overpotential and current density measurements.
  • Computational simulations (e.g., DFT) to understand active site structure and reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • IrSA-Ni2P achieved a record low overpotential of 149 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH.
  • The catalyst exhibited approximately 28-fold higher current density compared to IrO2 at 1.53 V vs RHE.
  • Experimental and computational studies confirmed Ir single atoms on Ni sites, with a reconstructed Ir-O-P/Ni-O-P bonding environment crucial for OER activity.

Conclusions:

  • The IrSA-Ni2P catalyst demonstrates exceptional OER activity and stability.
  • The unique electronic structure and reconstructed bonding environment are key to enhanced catalytic performance.
  • This work provides a new strategy for designing efficient SACs for OER and other electrochemical reactions.