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Neoantigen Controversies

Andrea Castro1,2, Maurizio Zanetti3,4, Hannah Carter2,4

  • 1Biomedical Informatics Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science
|September 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Next-generation sequencing reveals tumor neoantigens that can trigger immune responses. However, their role in immunotherapy success is debated, necessitating a focus on the tumor-immune interface for improved cancer treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables comprehensive analysis of tumor genomes.
  • Somatic mutations in tumors can generate neoantigens, which are targets for the immune system.
  • The efficacy of immunotherapies targeting neoantigens has yielded mixed results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conflicting evidence regarding the role of neoantigens in immunotherapy.
  • To identify key factors at the tumor-immune interface influencing immunotherapy response.
  • To provide insights for improving future immunotherapy approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on tumor neoantigens and immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of conflicting data on neoantigen-based cancer treatments.
  • Identification of critical determinants of the tumor-immune microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Conflicting reports exist on the direct correlation between neoantigens and immunotherapy success.
  • The tumor-immune interface plays a crucial role in determining the impact of neoantigens.
  • Specific factors within the tumor microenvironment modulate immune recognition and response.

Conclusions:

  • Neoantigens are not solely sufficient for successful immunotherapy.
  • Understanding the tumor-immune interface is critical for predicting and enhancing immunotherapy outcomes.
  • Future strategies should integrate neoantigen identification with modulation of the tumor-immune microenvironment.
Keywords:
immunotherapyneoantigensprecision medicinetumor evolution

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