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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

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Neonatal stroke in premature neonates.

S J Steggerda1, L S de Vries2

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 85090, Utrecht 3508 AB, the Netherlands.

Seminars in Perinatology
|September 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal stroke, including perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT), is under-represented in preterm infant neuro-imaging research. This review focuses on neuro-imaging findings for stroke in preterm infants.

Keywords:
infarctpretermsinovenous thrombosisstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Pediatric neuroimaging
  • Perinatal medicine

Background:

  • Neuro-imaging studies in preterm infants commonly focus on germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) and white matter injury.
  • Data on perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) in preterm infants are notably limited.
  • Existing large cohort studies on preterm infant neuro-imaging often do not report on neonatal stroke, and PAIS research frequently excludes preterm populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of neonatal stroke in preterm infants.
  • To specifically focus on the neuro-imaging findings associated with stroke in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuro-imaging studies concerning preterm infants.
  • Analysis of data focusing on perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT).
  • Synthesis of findings from cranial ultrasound (cUS) and term equivalent age MRI (TEA-MRI) studies.

Main Results:

  • Limited data exists on PAIS and CSVT in preterm infants compared to other brain lesions.
  • Many neuro-imaging studies on preterm infants overlook or exclude neonatal stroke.
  • PAIS research predominantly focuses on term infants, excluding preterm cases.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant gap in the literature regarding neuro-imaging of neonatal stroke in preterm infants.
  • Further research is needed to accurately characterize and diagnose PAIS and CSVT in the preterm population using neuro-imaging.
  • This review highlights the need for increased attention to neonatal stroke in preterm infant neuro-imaging studies.