Distinct neuropeptide-receptor modules regulate a sex-specific behavioral response to a pheromone.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Genetics
• Animal Behavior

Background:

• Dioecious species exhibit sex-specific responses to environmental cues.
• Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in behavior is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify the molecular players mediating sex-specific behavioral responses to the pheromone ascr#8 in C. elegans.
• To elucidate the function of a novel neuropeptide-neuropeptide receptor (NP/NPR) module in male C. elegans.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a novel neuropeptide rescue paradigm involving bacterial expression of peptides.
• Performed biochemical assays to confirm receptor activation by specific peptides.
• Examined receptor expression patterns in C. elegans neurons.

Main Results:

• Identified a novel NP/NPR module specifically active in male C. elegans.
• Demonstrated that specific FLP-3 peptides differentially activate NPR-10 and FRPR-16 receptors.
• Showed that a conserved threonine links peptides that rescue male-specific behavioral responses.

Conclusions:

• A specific NP/NPR combination establishes a male state, influencing pheromone response valence.
• Novel coordination of male-specific and core locomotory circuits by receptor expression in pre-motor neurons was revealed.