Emergency remote teaching evaluation of the higher education in Indonesia

The present study introduces the qualitative and quantitative results obtained in a pilot study of emergency remote teaching (ERT) evaluation in Indonesian higher education. In particular, this study aims to provide basic principles for future ERT implementation. Seven universities in Indonesia were involved in the first phase of the study, aiming to obtain initial information regarding the relevance, content validity, and readability of fundamental initial principles of ERT. The second phase aims to assess the quality ERT scale quality using confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) procedure, involving 2,957 undergraduate students from 22 universities in ten provinces in Indonesia. The results seem to indicate that the ERT principles can be viewed as 1) a complementary tool for ERT design covering five principles including simplicity, accessibility, affordability, flexibility, and empathy; and 2) In Indonesian higher education, affordability and flexibility are the two principles that are rated the lowest based on students' experiences. The lack of access to a fast, affordable, and reliable Internet connection in some areas of Indonesia is a fundamental problem in implementing ERT. This result is likely to be the case in other developing countries with similar geographical characteristics. The findings provide information based on practical experience - showing that learning design in a crisis is dynamic and open to revision based on socio-economic considerations, technological infrastructure, and students 'and teachers' readiness.