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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Amorphous Redox-Rich Polysulfides for Mg Cathodes.

Minglei Mao1,2, Chenxing Yang3, Zejing Lin1

  • 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

JACS Au
|September 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new amorphous titanium polysulfide cathodes for magnesium batteries. This strategy enhances ion diffusion and electron transfer, achieving high energy density and overcoming limitations of crystalline materials for better battery performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Advances in magnesium (Mg) batteries are hindered by the lack of suitable cathode materials.
  • Crystalline cathodes exhibit slow reaction kinetics and limited capacity, restricting rational material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel strategy of amorphization and anion enrichment for designing advanced Mg battery cathodes.
  • To enhance solid-state ion diffusion, increase ion-storage sites, and facilitate electron transfer via anionic redox centers.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of a series of amorphous titanium polysulfides (a-TiSx, x = 2, 3, 4).
  • Investigation of Mg2+ storage mechanisms, including S-S bond dynamics and Ti coordination changes.
  • Characterization of electrochemical performance, focusing on energy density and reaction kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Amorphous titanium polysulfides significantly outperformed their crystalline counterparts.
  • Achieved a competitive energy density of approximately 260 Wh/kg.
  • Identified a unique Mg2+ storage mechanism involving conversion and intercalation reactions with joint cationic (Ti) and anionic (S) redox activity.

Conclusions:

  • Amorphization and anion enrichment offer a promising strategy for high-performance multivalent-ion battery cathodes.
  • The developed amorphous, redox-rich materials provide an innovative direction for next-generation energy storage solutions.