Effect of crown-to-implant ratio and crown height space on marginal bone stress: a finite element analysis

Crown-to-implant ratio and crown height space, associated with the use of short implants, have been related with marginal bone loss. However, it is unclear which of the two entities would play the most important role on the bone remodelling process. Using a finite element analysis, the present work aims to help clarifying how those two factors contribute for the stress generation at the marginal bone level. A numerical model (reference model), with a crown-to-implant ratio of 4, was double validated and submitted to a numerical calculation. Then, it was modified in two different ways: (a) by decreasing the prosthetic height obtaining crown-to-implant ratios of 3, 2.5 and 2 and (b) by increasing the implants length obtaining a crown-to-implant ratio of 2.08. The new models were also submitted to numerical calculations.

The reference model showed a marginal bone stress of 96.9 MPa. The increase in the implants' length did not show statistically significant differences in the marginal bone stress (p-value = 0.2364). The decrease in the prosthetic height was accompanied with a statistically significant decrease in the marginal bone stresses (p-value = 2.2e- 16).

The results represent a paradigm change as the crown height space appears to be more responsible for marginal bone stress than the high crown-to-implant ratios or the implants' length. New prosthetic designs should be attempted to decrease the stress generated at the marginal bone level.