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Dam inundation simplifies the plant community composition.

Jie Zheng1, Muhammad Arif1, Songlin Zhang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|September 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Dam inundation shapes riparian plant communities through environmental and dispersal filtering. Environmental filtering is a dominant force, especially at lower elevations, influencing species composition and diversity in dam-regulated ecosystems.

Keywords:
Ecological restorationRiparian ecosystemsThree gorges dam reservoirWater level fluctuation zone

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Botany

Background:

  • Dam construction leads to global riparian habitat degradation and ecosystem service loss.
  • Understanding riparian plant community responses to inundation is crucial for conservation efforts.
  • The relative importance of environmental versus dispersal filtering in dam-regulated riparian ecosystems remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the relative importance of environmental and dispersal filtering on plant community variations.
  • To understand the community assembly mechanisms in riparian ecosystems regulated by dams.
  • To assess the impact of flooding stress on riparian plant communities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of plant community data from four elevations in the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir riparian zone.
  • Quantification of species richness, diversity, community height, and plant group cover.
  • Assessment of community composition changes along inundation gradients and at different elevations.

Main Results:

  • Higher flooding stress decreased species richness, diversity, community height, and cover of annual/exotic plants, while increasing perennial/native plant cover.
  • Community composition varied with elevation and converged towards flood-tolerant species with increased inundation.
  • Environmental filtering was stronger at low elevations and overall, while dispersal filtering was more pronounced at high elevations.

Conclusions:

  • Dam inundation drives riparian plant community assembly via combined environmental and dispersal filtering, with environmental filtering being more dominant.
  • The relative contributions of these filtering processes vary with elevation.
  • Restoration projects should consider inundation intensity, propagule sources, and river connectivity.