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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
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A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

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Upper limb prosthesis users: A longitudinal cohort study.

Linda Resnik1,2, Matthew Borgia1, Jill Cancio3,4,5

  • 1Research Department, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.

Prosthetics and Orthotics International
|September 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study tracked upper limb prosthesis users for one year. Most users maintained stable outcomes, but a subset showed significant changes, highlighting the need for regular follow-up for prosthesis users.

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Area of Science:

  • Prosthetics and Orthotics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Limited longitudinal data exists on upper limb prosthesis users.
  • Previous studies have not assessed changes in functional outcomes and device satisfaction over time using participants' own prostheses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe prosthesis and terminal device types at baseline and 1-year follow-up.
  • To examine changes in functional outcomes and device satisfaction over time.
  • To investigate if outcome changes varied by amputation level and prosthesis type.

Main Methods:

  • Multisite, observational time series design.
  • In-person functional performance and self-report data collected at baseline and 1-year follow-up.
  • Wilcoxon signed-rank tests used for outcome score comparisons; analyses stratified by amputation level, time since amputation, prosthesis type, and device type changes.

Main Results:

  • 64 participants (mean age 64, 56% body-powered users) were followed.
  • Hours per day of prosthesis use significantly increased from 6.0 to 7.3 hours (P = 0.0022).
  • 14-20% of participants experienced changes greater than the minimal detectable change (MDC) in outcome measures.

Conclusions:

  • Most upper limb prosthesis users demonstrated stable outcomes over one year.
  • A notable percentage (14-20%) experienced significant improvements or declines, underscoring the value of annual follow-up assessments.
  • Findings emphasize the importance of regular monitoring for prosthesis users to detect meaningful changes in function and satisfaction.