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Model-based localization of deep-diving cetaceans using towed line array acoustic data.

Yvonne M Barkley1, Eva-Marie Nosal2, Erin M Oleson3

  • 1Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, Hawaii 96822, USA.

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Summary

This study introduces a 3D localization method for tracking whales using towed hydrophones, improving abundance estimates by accounting for data uncertainties. The new approach enhances accuracy for deep-diving cetaceans in acoustic surveys.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Acoustics
  • Statistical Modeling

Background:

  • Passive acoustic monitoring with towed hydrophones is standard for cetacean surveys.
  • Current 2D localization methods lack accuracy for deep-diving species due to unaddressed data uncertainties.
  • Accurate localization is crucial for reliable cetacean abundance estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a 3D model-based localization approach for towed line array acoustic data.
  • To incorporate sound propagation effects and sources of error into cetacean localization.
  • To improve the robustness of distance and depth estimates for abundance surveys.

Main Methods:

  • Applied a model-based approach to towed line array data.
  • Incorporated sound propagation, hydrophone movement, and timing errors into the model.
  • Validated the method using simulations and real acoustic data from sperm whales.

Main Results:

  • Simulations showed whale distance, ship trajectory, and movement significantly impact localization.
  • Applied to real data, the method yielded 3D distance and depth estimates with position bounds.
  • The 3D approach successfully addressed inherent uncertainties in acoustic data.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D model-based localization method offers more robust cetacean tracking than traditional 2D methods.
  • Accounting for data uncertainties is essential for accurate abundance estimation in acoustic surveys.
  • This approach enhances the reliability of localization for deep-diving cetaceans.