Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
Published on: March 15, 2024
Resiliency in Young Adulthood and Associations among Retrospective Peer Victimization and Internalizing Problems
Stephanie S Fredrick1, Lyndsay N Jenkins2, Cassandra M Dexter3
1Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 433 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
Abstract:
The social-ecological diathesis-stress model and related empirical work suggests that individuals who experienced peer victimization in childhood are at risk of revictimization and internalizing problems in young adulthood. The current study examined the association between retrospective and current reports of traditional and cyber victimization and internalizing problems, and the buffering effect of resiliency among 1141 young adults. Results indicated that retrospective traditional victimization was positively associated with current traditional and cyber victimization. Retrospective cyber victimization, however, was positively associated with current cyber victimization only. Retrospective traditional and cyber victimization were positively associated with internalizing problems while controlling for current victimization for both males and females. Resiliency buffered the positive association between retrospective cyber victimization, but not traditional victimization, and current internalizing problems. Findings suggest that retrospective accounts of peer victimization may have a lasting impact on symptoms of depression and anxiety for young adults, regardless of current victimization experiences. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the associations among revictimization and mental health, and potential buffering mechanisms, among young adults.
Related Concept Videos
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth....
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Attachment Styles
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adolescence
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

