Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 21, 2025
05:40
Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment
Published on: March 24, 2020
14.7K
Validation of Modified Hertel Exophthalmometer
Rizwana Fathima Jamal1, Emmanuel Azariah1, Deepak Pandyan1
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction
|September 2, 2021
Summary
A modified Hertel exophthalmometer shows no significant difference in normative values compared to the standard version. This validated modification is useful for assessing globe position and orbital volume, especially in trauma cases.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Medical Instrumentation
- Maxillofacial Surgery
Background:
- The Hertel exophthalmometer is a standard instrument for measuring ocular protrusion.
- Modifications to medical devices are often necessary to improve functionality or adapt to specific clinical scenarios.
- Validating such modifications is crucial for reliable clinical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish normative values using a modified Hertel exophthalmometer.
- To compare measurements between the modified and standard Hertel exophthalmometer.
- To statistically analyze the correlation of measurements and assess differences based on age and gender.
Main Methods:
- A correlation study involving 100 volunteers.
- Measurements were taken using both standard and modified Hertel exophthalmometers by a single observer.
- Statistical analysis was performed to compare values and assess correlations with age and gender.
Main Results:
- No statistically significant differences were found in normative data between the standard and modified Hertel exophthalmometers.
- Measurements showed no significant variation in relation to age or gender.
Conclusions:
- The modification of the Hertel exophthalmometer is validated for clinical use.
- The modified instrument is suitable for relative exophthalmometry, treatment assessment, and intraoperative evaluation of globe position.
- It is particularly useful in cases of fractured or displaced lateral orbital walls due to trauma.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Testing a Claim about Standard Deviation
2.6K
A complete procedure to test a claim about population standard deviation or population variance is explained here.
The hypothesis testing for the claim of population standard deviation (or variance) requires the data and samples to be random and unbiased. The population distribution also must be normal. There is no specific requirement on the sample size as the estimation is based on the chi-square distribution.
As a first step, the hypothesis (null and alternative) concerning the claim about...
The hypothesis testing for the claim of population standard deviation (or variance) requires the data and samples to be random and unbiased. The population distribution also must be normal. There is no specific requirement on the sample size as the estimation is based on the chi-square distribution.
As a first step, the hypothesis (null and alternative) concerning the claim about...
2.6K
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane
817
Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
817
01:19Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery
744
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
744
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Oral
994
Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
994
02:46Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments
48.5K
Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
48.5K