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Toward Closed-Loop Electrical Stimulation of Neuronal Systems: A Review
Jarno M A Tanskanen1, Annika Ahtiainen1, Jari A K Hyttinen1
1BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Bioelectricity
|September 2, 2021
Summary
Real-time closed-loop systems for measuring and stimulating neuronal networks offer advanced insights and disease control. Future intelligent "dialogical paradigms" promise to revolutionize neuroscience and clinical applications.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Computational Neuroscience
Background:
- Biological neuronal cells utilize neurochemistry and electrical signals for communication.
- Neuronal system malfunctions lead to diverse symptoms and functional deficits, sometimes treatable with electrical stimulation.
- Extracellular electrical stimulation is a key method in neuroscience research and clinical practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current extracellular electrical stimulation methods in neuroscience and clinical settings.
- To highlight the potential of real-time closed-loop measurement and stimulation paradigms.
- To promote the development of intelligent "dialogical paradigms" for enhanced neuroscience and clinical applications.
Main Methods:
- Review of extracellular electrical stimulation methods used in vivo, in vitro, and in silico research.
- Examination of clinical applications of electrical stimulation (excluding neuronal growth methods).
- Analysis of existing closed-loop measurement and stimulation systems.
Main Results:
- Numerous electrical stimulation and measurement methods are established in research and clinics.
- Closed-loop methods are proposed and partially implemented clinically.
- Advanced closed-loop systems, especially those integrating artificial intelligence, are not yet developed.
Conclusions:
- Real-time closed-loop full-duplex measurement and stimulation can deepen understanding of neuronal networks.
- These systems have the potential to improve control over nervous system diseases.
- Intelligent "dialogical paradigms" are crucial for advancing the communication between neuronal and information/communication technology systems.
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