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Adropin and spexin hormones regulate the systemic inflammation in adenine-induced chronic kidney failure in rat
1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey.
Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease is one of the major global health problems. Chronic renal failure is stimulated by many cytokines and chemokines. Adropin and spexin (SPX) are peptides hormones. These peptides could affect inflammatory conditions, but this is unclear. Due to the limited information, we planned to investigate the impact of adropin and SPX hormones on systemic inflammation in adenine induced chronic kidney failure rat model. Chronic kidney failure was induced by administering adenine hemisulfate. Renal functions were measured by an autoanalyzer. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Eotaxin, growth-regulated oncogene-alpha, IP-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-2, and RANTES levels were determined by Luminex. We observed an increase in 24-h urine volume and serum creatinine. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein levels were also significantly higher in the chronic kidney failure (CKF) group. Urine protein and 24-h urine volume were reduced with adropin and SPX treatments. Furthermore, G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, and GRO-α significantly increased by CKF induction; however, these cytokines and chemokines significantly decreased by adropin treatment in the CKF group. Furthermore, adropin increased IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-2 levels. In addition, SPX treatment had a more limited effect, decreasing only G-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-5 levels. The combined adropin + SPX treatment significantly reduced G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, and IL-17A. Furthermore, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-3, and MIP-2 were significantly increased by these combined treatments. Our findings indicate that renal functions and inflammatory response were modulated by adropin and SPX peptides. These peptides may have protective effects on systemic inflammation and renal failure progression.
Insights
Adropin and spexin (SPX) hormones show potential in mitigating systemic inflammation and improving renal function in chronic kidney disease models. These peptide hormones may offer protective effects against kidney failure progression.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue, often exacerbated by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
- Adropin and spexin (SPX) are peptide hormones with potential, yet unclear, roles in modulating inflammatory conditions.
- Limited information exists regarding the impact of adropin and SPX on systemic inflammation in the context of chronic renal failure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of adropin and SPX hormones on systemic inflammation in a rat model of adenine-induced chronic kidney failure (CKF).
- To assess the potential protective roles of these peptide hormones in mitigating renal dysfunction and inflammatory responses associated with CKF.
Main Methods:
- Chronic kidney failure was induced in rats using adenine hemisulfate.
- Renal function parameters, including 24-h urine volume and serum creatinine, were measured using an autoanalyzer.
- Levels of various cytokines and chemokines (e.g., G-CSF, IFN-γ, ILs, TNF-α, MCPs, MIPs) were quantified using Luminex assays.
Main Results:
- Adenine-induced CKF rats exhibited increased urine volume, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine protein.
- Adropin and SPX treatments reduced urine protein and 24-h urine volume.
- Adropin treatment significantly decreased several elevated cytokines (G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, GRO-α) while increasing others (IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2). SPX had a more limited effect. Combined treatment also reduced specific cytokines and increased chemokines.
Conclusions:
- Adropin and SPX peptides modulate renal function and systemic inflammatory responses in a rat model of CKF.
- These peptide hormones demonstrate potential therapeutic benefits by reducing inflammation and improving kidney function.
- Adropin and SPX may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for managing systemic inflammation and slowing the progression of renal failure.
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