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Global Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Infant Community Deaths

Natalie I Mazur1, Yvette N Löwensteyn1, Joukje E Willemsen1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|September 2, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Infants in low-income countries are dying from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at younger ages in the community. This highlights the potential impact of maternal RSV vaccination for community mortality prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of pediatric mortality, predominantly in low- and lower-middle-income countries.
  • Over half of RSV-related deaths occur in the community, yet these cases are poorly characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the age distribution of infant deaths (<6 months) from RSV occurring in the community versus in-hospital settings.
  • To assess the potential impact of future RSV interventions on community mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 829 RSV-related deaths in infants (<1 year) from 38 developing countries via the RSV Global Online Mortality Database (RSV GOLD).
  • Specific focus on 166 community deaths from 12 countries and 629 deaths <6 months of age.
  • Comparison of median age at death and proportion of neonatal deaths between community and in-hospital settings.

Main Results:

  • Infants dying from RSV in the community were younger (median 1.5 months) than those dying in-hospital (median 2.4 months).
  • A higher proportion of neonatal deaths occurred in the community (29%) compared to in-hospital (12%).

Conclusions:

  • Community-based RSV deaths in infants occur at a younger age.
  • Maternal vaccination or immunoprophylaxis strategies are anticipated to significantly reduce community-based RSV mortality.
Abstract

Keywords:
community deathlower respiratory tract infectionrespiratory syncytial virus

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