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On the interdependence of post-error control and memory.

Hannah Dames1, Christina U Pfeuffer1

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Cognitive control after errors, like post-error slowing, may disrupt memory. This study found that memory for previous responses interfered with post-error performance improvements, suggesting an interdependence between memory and cognitive control.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Post-error cognitive control mechanisms, including post-error slowing (PES) and post-error increased accuracy (PIA), are well-documented.
  • A recent theory posits that post-error control impacts both motor activity and task-set representations, implying a link between error processing and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly investigate the interdependence between post-error cognitive control and memory.
  • To test the 'memory obstruction hypothesis' by examining post-error performance using response repeat/switch targets.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted utilizing response repeat/switch targets to assess participants' next response based on memory of the previous response.
  • Performance was measured across varying intertrial intervals (500 ms to 3000 ms) to evaluate post-error improvements.
  • Alternative explanations, such as deficits in post-error processing or error awareness, were considered.

Main Results:

  • Participants did not exhibit performance improvements following errors, consistent with a weak version of the memory obstruction hypothesis.
  • This lack of improvement was observed irrespective of the preparation time (intertrial interval duration).
  • The findings could not be attributed to insufficient post-error processing or lack of error awareness.

Conclusions:

  • The results provide evidence for an interdependence between memory and cognitive control in post-error processing.
  • A novel method using response repeat/switch targets was introduced for directly assessing this memory-control interdependence.