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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Engineering a Smart Agent for Enhanced Immunotherapy Effect by Simultaneously Blocking PD-L1 and CTLA-4.

Chunjuan Jiang1,2,3, Le Zhang1,2,3,4, Xiaoping Xu1,2,3

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|September 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A novel smart agent, KN046@19F-ZIF-8, enhances cancer immunotherapy by combining PD-L1/CTLA-4 blockade with targeted delivery. This approach improves efficacy and reduces side effects compared to traditional combination therapies.

Keywords:
19F MRIZIF-8granzyme B probesimmunotherapiespositron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Combination immune checkpoint therapies (ICTs) show promise in cancer treatment but face limitations due to high costs and increased toxicity.
  • Existing single-agent immunotherapies often have suboptimal efficacy, necessitating improved therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel smart agent, KN046@19F-ZIF-8, for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.
  • To overcome the limitations of cost and side effects associated with combination ICTs.
  • To improve the efficacy and safety profile of PD-L1/CTLA-4 blockade therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Development of KN046, a bispecific antibody targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4.
  • Integration of KN046 into a smart delivery system, 19F-ZIF-8.
  • In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the smart agent's antitumor efficacy and safety.

Main Results:

  • KN046@19F-ZIF-8 demonstrated effective binding to both PD-L1 and CTLA-4.
  • The smart agent successfully delivered KN046 to tumor sites.
  • In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed enhanced immune response and reduced toxic side effects.
  • Excellent antitumor efficacy was achieved with the novel smart agent.

Conclusions:

  • KN046@19F-ZIF-8 represents a promising engineering strategy for advanced cancer immunotherapy.
  • The smart agent improves upon existing combination therapies by enhancing efficacy and mitigating adverse effects.
  • This approach offers a potential pathway for more effective and safer clinical applications of immunotherapy.