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Glycosylation in viral hepatitis
Ewa Gruszewska1, Agnieszka Grytczuk2, Lech Chrostek1
1Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects
|September 2, 2021
Summary
Glycosylation changes in hepatitis viruses and host cells are key to viral entry and disease progression. Analyzing the N-glycome offers a more specific diagnostic approach for chronic hepatitis than single markers.
Area of Science:
- Glycobiology and Virology
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Background:
- Hepatitis virus-host cell interactions are regulated by surface glycans on both viruses and host cells.
- Glycosylation of serum proteins in the liver is altered in liver pathology, suggesting diagnostic potential.
- Changes in viral envelope glycans significantly impact hepatitis virus entry into host cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the significance of glycosylation in viral hepatitis, focusing on viral and host factors.
- To highlight the role of altered glycosylation in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections.
- To explore the potential of glycan structures as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on glycosylation in viral hepatitis.
- Analysis of changes in glycosylation patterns of specific proteins in HBV and HCV infected patients.
- Investigation of the role of viral envelope glycoproteins in host cell recognition and binding.
Main Results:
- Unique alterations in protein glycosylation are detectable in HBV and HCV patients, particularly those with fibrosis/cirrhosis.
- Viral envelope glycoproteins, crucial for host cell entry, are themselves glycosylated.
- While single glycoprotein changes are observed, the N-glycome provides a more specific diagnostic marker for chronic hepatitis.
Conclusions:
- Glycosylation is critical for the interaction between viral glycoproteins and cellular receptors, mediating virus entry.
- The N-glycome, representing a complete set of glycan structures, is a promising biomarker for diagnosing chronic hepatitis.
- Targeting these specific glycans offers potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies against viral hepatitis.
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