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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

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Technologies supporting vision screening: a protocol for a scoping review.

Qasim Ali¹, Ilona Heldal², Carsten Gunnar Helgesen¹

¹Department of Computer science, Electrical engineering and Mathematical sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway.

|September 3, 2021

Summary

This review explores technologies enhancing vision screening. It identifies how computerised tools and new instruments can complement traditional vision tests, improving measurement accuracy and supporting public health.

Keywords:

community child health education & training (see medical education & training)health informatics information technology protocols & guidelines quality in health care

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

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Published on: March 17, 2023

$Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening$

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Published on: October 18, 2024

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

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Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology and Vision Science
Biomedical Engineering
Health Technology Assessment

Background:

Vision problems significantly impact academic, social, and mental well-being.
Traditional vision screening relies on expert assessment of standardized tests.
Advancements in technology offer new tools to augment current vision screening practices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate current technologies used in vision screening.
To identify which vision tests can be complemented by technological advancements.
To understand how these technologies provide measurements to support vision screening.

Main Methods:

A scoping review protocol based on the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) framework.
Systematic electronic searches across major scientific databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, etc.) without date or country limitations.
Independent study analysis by two authors, with conflict resolution through discussion, and data extraction on technologies, complemented tests, and measurements.

Main Results:

Extraction of data on various technologies applied to vision screening.
Identification of specific vision tests amenable to technological enhancement.
Synthesis of findings through thematic analysis and mapping to a logic model to understand technological support in measurements.

Conclusions:

Technological integration in vision screening offers potential for more objective and comprehensive assessments.
Findings will inform vision screening experts, technology developers, researchers, and policymakers.
Published results in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal will disseminate knowledge on advanced vision screening methods.