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Determination of Crystal Structures

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Published on: February 28, 2019

Serial crystallography using automated drop dispensing.

Zhen Su¹, Joshua Cantlon², Lacey Douthit³

¹Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

|September 3, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

An automated drop on demand (DOD) system enhances sample delivery for serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX). This method improves efficiency and reduces sample consumption at X-ray facilities.

Keywords:

drop on demand pulsed sample delivery serial femtosecond crystallography

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Area of Science:

Structural Biology
Biophysics
X-ray Science

Background:

Pulsed X-ray facilities require efficient sample delivery for optimal performance.
Current methods for serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) can be time-consuming and sample-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate an automated drop on demand (DOD) system for accelerated sample exchange in SFX.
To validate the effectiveness of automated sample delivery for high-throughput screening at free-electron laser facilities.

Main Methods:

Development and implementation of an automated drop on demand (DOD) liquid-phase sample delivery system.
Testing the system with four different protein crystal slurries.
Integration of an automatic sample-cycling system and verification through indexing results.

Main Results:

The automated DOD system significantly accelerates sample exchange for SFX.
High-throughput SFX screening is feasible with minimal downtime and low cross-contamination risk.
Successful indexing results confirm the effectiveness of the automated sample-cycling system.

Conclusions:

Automated sample delivery, particularly DOD systems, greatly enhances sample and photon utilization at pulsed X-ray sources.
This technique reduces sample consumption and facilitates structure determination for challenging proteins.
The developed system lays the groundwork for fully automated sample delivery in structural biology.