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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.4K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Feedback induced magnetic phases in binary Bose-Einstein condensates.

Hilary M Hurst1,2, Shangjie Guo3, I B Spielman1

  • 1Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.

Physical Review Research
|September 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineers can now create novel quantum matter using weak measurements and real-time feedback control. This new quantum control method allows for precise manipulation of Bose-Einstein condensates, enabling the study of exotic quantum phases.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Cold atom systems
  • Condensed matter theory

Background:

  • Quantum feedback control offers a new pathway for engineering quantum matter.
  • Controlling nonequilibrium quantum states requires advanced techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a theoretical framework for quantum feedback control of multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs).
  • Investigate the use of backaction-limited weak measurements and spatially resolved feedback.
  • Explore the introduction of tunable effective interactions without altering atomic scattering parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a theoretical toolbox for quantum feedback control.
  • Employed backaction-limited weak measurements and spatially resolved feedback.
  • Developed an analytical model for feedback cooling and used stochastic mean-field theory.

Main Results:

  • Introduced tunable, feedback-generated effective interactions analogous to Feshbach resonances.
  • Demonstrated feedback cooling to counteract measurement backaction heating.
  • Observed a feedback-induced phase transition in a two-component BEC from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic states.

Conclusions:

  • Closed-loop quantum control is a powerful tool for quantum engineering in cold-atom systems.
  • The developed toolbox enables the creation and study of novel nonequilibrium quantum matter.
  • Feedback control allows for precise engineering of interactions and quantum phases in BECs.