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Related Concept Videos

Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
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Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
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Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
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Centrosome instability: when good centrosomes go bad.

John M Ryniawec1, Gregory C Rogers2

  • 1University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|September 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The centrosome, crucial for cell function, maintains cellular health. Its instability is linked to diseases like cancer, highlighting the need to understand its roles.

Keywords:
CentrioleCentrosomeMicrotubuleMicrotubule-organizing centerMitotic spindlePericentriolar material

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The centrosome is a vital cytoplasmic organelle responsible for organizing cellular processes.
  • Maintaining centrosome homeostasis is critical for normal health and development.
  • Centrosome instability, characterized by abnormal number or structure, is associated with cancers and genetic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce normal centrosome function.
  • To review recent discoveries linking centrosome instability to specific disease states.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding centrosome roles in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of normal centrosome function.
  • Analysis of recent research on centrosome instability and disease.
  • Synthesis of information on centrosome roles in interphase and mitosis.

Main Results:

  • Centrosomes play diverse roles in cellular processes during interphase and mitosis.
  • Centrosome instability is a common feature in various cancers and genetic disorders.
  • Emerging research reveals novel connections between centrosome dysfunction and disease.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding normal centrosome function is essential for disease research.
  • Centrosome instability serves as a significant indicator for various pathological conditions.
  • Further investigation into centrosome biology can inspire new therapeutic strategies for diseases.