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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Perceptual Constancy01:12

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Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
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Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Perceptual stimuli with novel bindings interfere with visual working memory.

Peter Shepherdson1,2

  • 1University of Akureyri, Norðurslóð 2, 600, Akureyri, Iceland. peter@unak.is.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
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Summary

Novelty in visual perception interferes with visual working memory (WM). New bindings of existing information, even without new features, impair recall performance, highlighting novelty

Keywords:
Change detectionInterferenceRecallVisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual working memory (WM) is crucial for temporarily storing and manipulating visual information.
  • Perceptual interference can disrupt the contents of visual WM, but the specific factors driving this interference are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of novelty on perceptual interference in visual working memory.
  • To determine if novel perceptual information, particularly novel bindings, impairs memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments combined change detection and continuous reproduction tasks.
  • Participants recalled stochastically independent items after exposure to novel or matching probes in initial tasks.
  • Tested effects of wholly novel probes and probes with novel bindings of old information.

Main Results:

  • Novel probes in an initial task significantly worsened subsequent recall performance in visual working memory.
  • This interference occurred regardless of whether the initial task required memory or if the same item was tested in both phases.
  • Both wholly novel items and novel bindings of old information (e.g., old feature in a new location) induced interference.

Conclusions:

  • Binding novelty is a key factor in perceptual interference affecting visual working memory.
  • Novel perceptual information, especially new bindings, is sufficient to cause interference.
  • Findings align with computational models of WM and emphasize the role of novelty in visual interference.