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|September 3, 2021
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This case report details a child with chronic hyponatremia caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) linked to olfactory neuroblastoma (OFN). The study highlights the importance of sinonasal area evaluation for SIADH diagnosis in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a common cause of hyponatremia in children.
  • Paraneoplastic syndromes, though uncommon, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric SIADH.
  • Chronic hyponatremia can present without overt neurological symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of pediatric chronic hyponatremia secondary to SIADH.
  • To illustrate a pragmatic diagnostic approach for SIADH in children.
  • To emphasize the role of olfactory neuroblastoma (OFN) as a potential underlying cause of SIADH.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Review of clinical findings and diagnostic procedures.
  • Discussion of the etiological link between OFN and SIADH.

Main Results:

  • A child presented with chronic hyponatremia due to SIADH.
  • The SIADH was identified as a paraneoplastic manifestation of olfactory neuroblastoma (OFN).
  • The sinonasal region was crucial in the diagnostic workup for SIADH.

Conclusions:

  • SIADH can be a paraneoplastic manifestation of OFN in pediatric patients.
  • Evaluation of the sinonasal area is essential when diagnosing SIADH.
  • Gradual onset and chronicity of hyponatremia may mask neurological deficits.