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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Ionization Energy03:12

Ionization Energy

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The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
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Constraints on Lightly Ionizing Particles from CDMSlite.

I Alkhatib1, D W P Amaral2, T Aralis3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|September 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) set new limits on lightly ionizing particles (LIPs). This research explored previously uncharted territory for LIPs

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Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
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Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • The nature of dark matter remains one of the most significant unsolved problems in physics.
  • Detecting dark matter candidates, such as lightly ionizing particles (LIPs), requires highly sensitive experiments capable of measuring small energy depositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish direct-detection limits on the vertical intensity of cosmogenically produced LIPs.
  • To explore a new parameter space for LIPs concerning their charge, mass, and velocity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) with a germanium target.
  • Employing the optimum interval method for data analysis to derive LIP intensity limits.
  • Achieving efficient detection of very small recoil energies.

Main Results:

  • Established first direct-detection limits on LIPs with electric charge smaller than e/(3×10^5).
  • Set the strongest limits to date for LIPs with charge ≤e/160, reaching a minimum vertical intensity of 1.36×10^-7 cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1.
  • Covered a broad range of LIP masses (5 MeV/c^2 to 100 TeV/c^2) and velocities (βγ from 0.1 to 10^6).

Conclusions:

  • CDMSlite has successfully constrained the parameter space for LIPs, particularly for nonrelativistic LIPs (βγ as low as 0.1).
  • The results exclude a significant region for LIPs, contributing to the ongoing search for dark matter candidates.