Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

370
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
370
Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development

361
The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone, blending...
361
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

272
The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
272
The Representativeness Heuristic02:13

The Representativeness Heuristic

16.4K
The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
16.4K
Storage01:23

Storage

171
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
171
Encoding01:19

Encoding

307
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
307

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

See what I mean? Reading visual verbs modulates ocular dynamics.

Language, cognition and neuroscience·2026
Same author

The temporal negation suspension strategy in negative conditionals.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2025
Same author

Inducing strategies to solve a mental rotation task is possible: evidence from a sex-related eye-tracking analysis.

The Journal of general psychology·2024
Same author

Illusory inferences in conditional expressions.

Memory & cognition·2024
Same author

Executive Functions and Improvement of Thinking: An Intervention Program to Enhance Deductive Reasoning Abilities.

The Spanish journal of psychology·2022
Same author

Inferences from the negation of counterfactual and semifactual conditionals.

Memory & cognition·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
06:54

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Published on: June 21, 2019

6.1K

"Looking at" Negation: Faster Processing for Symbolic Rather Than Iconic Representations.

Isabel Orenes1

  • 1Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain. iorenes@psi.uned.es.

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
|September 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Negation processing in sentences can be immediate or delayed, depending on how sentence meaning is represented. This study reveals two distinct eye-tracking patterns for negative statements, clarifying the debate on negation integration.

Keywords:
Compound sentencesEye-trackingNegationProcessingRepresentation

More Related Videos

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
08:31

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

Published on: July 31, 2016

13.8K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
06:54

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Published on: June 21, 2019

6.1K
Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
08:31

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

Published on: July 31, 2016

13.8K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • The integration of negation into sentence meaning is debated, with some studies suggesting delays and others immediate processing.
  • Understanding negation processing is crucial for comprehending language comprehension models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the timing of negation integration in compound sentences.
  • To differentiate between immediate negation processing and delayed representation of alternatives.

Main Methods:

  • Oral presentation of affirmative and negative compound sentences within a visual world paradigm.
  • Eye-tracking data collected while participants viewed four words: 'salad', 'no salad', 'soup', 'no soup'.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct eye-tracking fixation patterns were observed for negative causal assertions.
  • Immediate integration was indicated by early fixation on explicit negation ('no salad').
  • Delayed representation of alternatives was suggested by later fixation on the alternate item ('soup').

Conclusions:

  • Results support theories combining iconic and symbolic representations, like model theory.
  • Findings suggest that the representation of alternatives, not negation itself, can be delayed.