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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings
Published on: February 7, 2025
Effect of microwave and convection heating on selected nutrients of human milk
Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska1, Edyta Malinowska-Pańczyk1, Małgorzata Orzołek1
1Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the microwave heating method (MWH) on selected determinants of the nutritional value of human milk (HM) and compare to the effect exerted by the standard convection heating (CH) method, including holder pasteurization (HoP). It was showed that using MWH under conditions assumed to ensure microbiological safety, changes in the level of the nutrients were not observed. In these conditions concentration of fatty acids (FAs), lipid peroxides (LP) and α-lactalbumin (α-La) were on a similar level as in raw milk, and furosine was not formed. MWH treatment of HM led to slight increase in the malonaldehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC) content. However, MDA content in HM as a result of MWH was lower than after application CH.
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