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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

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Lupus nephritis in children.

Ana Moral Larraz1, Sandra Cuenca Carcelén1, Cristina Aparicio López1

  • 1Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España.

Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena De Pediatria
|September 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Lupus nephritis often presents with advanced kidney disease in children, frequently as the first symptom. Early immunologic markers are key to understanding systemic involvement in pediatric lupus nephritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Lupus nephritis is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus, significantly increasing patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Early renal involvement is common in pediatric lupus erythematosus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presentation, clinical and immunological features, and renal histology in pediatric patients with lupus nephritis.
  • To explore the relationship between clinical presentation and histological findings in lupus nephritis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of pediatric patients (<18 years) diagnosed with lupus nephritis between 2012 and 2020.
  • Collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, immunological, and histological data.
  • Performed descriptive and association analyses (p < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • 16 pediatric patients (11 female) with a median age of 10.6 years were analyzed.
  • Renal involvement was the initial manifestation in 37.5% of cases; arthralgias/arthritis occurred in 50%.
  • Class III (46.6%) and IV (33.3%) lupus nephritis predominated histologically, with most patients (86.6%) showing advanced disease at diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric lupus nephritis frequently presents with advanced histological findings at diagnosis.
  • Musculoskeletal symptoms were common at presentation.
  • Immunological markers were the sole predictors of systemic disease involvement.