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Related Concept Videos

Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
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Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
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Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

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The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Retroviruses02:33

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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[Viral glycosyltransferases].

N Markine-Goriaynoff1, A Vanderplasschen1

  • 1Immunologie-vaccinologie (B43b), Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgique.

Virologie (Montrouge, France)
|September 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses manipulate host cell glycans for their benefit, a field known as Glycovirology. This review details viral glycosyltransferases and their roles in altering host glycomes.

Keywords:
glycosyltransferaseglycovirologyvirus-host interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Glycobiology and virology intersect in Glycovirology.
  • Glycans play crucial roles in biological processes.
  • Glycomics complements genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics.

Context:

  • Viruses are obligate parasites that exploit host cell machinery.
  • Recent studies show viruses interfere with the host glycome.
  • Glycovirology studies virus-induced glycan changes and functions.

Purpose:

  • To review viral glycosyltransferases and their functions.
  • To explore how viruses affect the host glycome.
  • To illustrate fundamental virology aspects through viral enzymes.

Summary:

  • Viruses alter host glycomes by affecting host glycosyltransferase expression or by expressing their own.
  • Viral glycosyltransferases have been identified in various viruses, including herpesviruses, poxviruses, and bacteriophages.
  • This review exhaustively describes these viral enzymes and discusses their established or putative functions.

Impact:

  • Understanding viral glycosyltransferases offers insights into virus-host interactions.
  • This knowledge can inform the development of novel antiviral strategies.
  • The study of viral glycosyltransferases deepens our fundamental understanding of virology.