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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Isolation of Perivascular Multipotent Precursor Cell Populations from Human Cardiac Tissue
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Runner's niche: multipurpose stromal cells maintained by exercise.

Nikolaus Dietlein1, Hans-Reimer Rodewald1

  • 1Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Trends in Immunology
|September 4, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered bone marrow stromal cells that support immune cell development and bone formation. Mechanical stimulation, like exercise, may enhance both lymphopoiesis and bone health.

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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Stromal Niche Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Osteology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bone marrow stromal cells play critical roles in both skeletal homeostasis and hematopoiesis.
  • Identifying specific stromal cell populations and their functions is crucial for understanding these processes.
  • The interplay between mechanical forces and bone marrow cell function remains an area of active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel perivascular stromal cell populations in the bone marrow.
  • To investigate the functional roles of these cells in supporting lymphoid progenitors and osteoblast differentiation.
  • To explore the influence of mechanical stimulation on these specific stromal cell populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized newly developed reporter and lineage-tracing mouse models.
  • Characterized perivascular stromal cells coexpressing osteolectin and leptin receptor.
  • Assessed the supportive capacity of these cells for lymphoid progenitors.
  • Evaluated their potential as osteoblast progenitors.
  • Investigated the effect of mechanical stimulation on cell maintenance.

Main Results:

  • Identified a distinct population of perivascular stromal cells in the bone marrow.
  • These cells coexpress osteolectin and leptin receptor.
  • Demonstrated that these cells specifically support lymphoid progenitors.
  • Showed that these cells also function as osteoblast progenitors.
  • Found that mechanical stimulation maintains these stromal cells.

Conclusions:

  • Perivascular stromal cells coexpressing osteolectin and leptin receptor are key regulators of both lymphopoiesis and osteogenesis.
  • Mechanical stimulation, such as that from exercise, may positively influence immune cell production and bone formation.
  • These findings highlight a potential therapeutic target for enhancing bone marrow function and skeletal health.