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Updated: Oct 21, 2025
An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
Published on: December 1, 2013
A candidate antineoplastic herbal agent for bladder cancer: Ankaferd Blood Stopper
Hilmi Sarı1, Serdar Çelik2,3, Fulya Çağlar2
1Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
Background And Aims:
Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) was used for in vitro studies of osteosarcoma and colon carcinoma cancer cell lines to reveal the apoptotic and antineoplastic effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antineoplastic effect of ABS on bladder cancer cell cultures.
Methods:
We prospectively collected minimum 0.5 cm parts of fresh frozen tumour samples from patients with bladder tumour from 2015 to 2017. Primary bladder cancer cultures were produced from the frozen tumour samples. Two different doses of ABS were used on cancer cell cultures. Viability tests of each cell cultures were performed. Flow cytometry was used for the determination of apoptosis and necroptosis. We also checked the effect of ABS on different stages, grade and variant histology of bladder cancer cells. The results of all cancer cell cultures were compared with their own controls.
Results:
This study included 24 patients. Mean age of patients was 66.2 ± 11.7 years (34-83 years), where 19 of them (79.5%) were males and five (20.5%) were females. When we compared the data, we found decreased cancer cell viability ratio in each ABS group compared with their own controls. Necroptosis was observed in the great majority of ABS groups, and necroptosis and apoptosis were observed in some cell cultures.
Conclusions:
In this study, we demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of ABS on bladder cancer cells. The results of this study suggests planning of animal model of bladder cancer for ABS with intravesical application as an antineoplastic agent. In the future, ABS may be a candidate intravesical treatment agent for bladder cancer.
Insights
Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) demonstrated cytotoxic effects on bladder cancer cells in vitro, reducing viability and inducing necroptosis. Further research into ABS as an intravesical treatment for bladder cancer is warranted.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Cell Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) has shown antineoplastic effects on osteosarcoma and colon carcinoma cell lines.
- Investigating novel therapeutic agents for bladder cancer is crucial due to its prevalence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the antineoplastic effect of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) on human bladder cancer cell cultures.
- To determine the impact of ABS on cancer cell viability, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
Main Methods:
- Primary bladder cancer cell cultures were established from fresh frozen tumor samples.
- Cancer cell cultures were treated with two different doses of ABS.
- Cell viability, apoptosis, and necroptosis were assessed using viability tests and flow cytometry.
Main Results:
- A decreased cancer cell viability ratio was observed in ABS-treated groups compared to controls.
- Necroptosis was the predominant cell death mechanism observed in most ABS-treated cultures.
- Apoptosis was also detected in some bladder cancer cell cultures upon ABS treatment.
Conclusions:
- Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) exhibits a cytotoxic effect on bladder cancer cells in vitro.
- The findings suggest potential for ABS as an intravesical therapeutic agent for bladder cancer.
- Further studies, including animal models, are recommended to explore ABS's efficacy and safety for intravesical application.
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