Terpenoid treatment in osteoporosis: this is where we have come in research

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology and Molecular Biology
• Bone Biology and Osteoporosis Research

Background:

• Osteoporosis results from an imbalance in bone homeostasis, favoring excessive bone resorption over formation.
• This imbalance leads to osteopenia, increasing fracture risk, pain, and functional limitations.
• Current osteoporosis treatments have limitations, necessitating exploration of novel therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the anti-osteoporotic effects of terpenoids based on literature from the past 5 years.
• To highlight the molecular mechanisms, particularly epigenetic factors, underlying terpenoid activity against bone resorption.
• To assess the potential pharmacological use of terpenoids in osteoporosis prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review focusing on studies published within the last five years.
• Analysis of research investigating terpenoids and their impact on bone homeostasis and resorption.
• Examination of studies detailing the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of terpenoid action.

Main Results:

• Terpenoids exhibit significant activity in inhibiting bone resorption, a key factor in osteopenia development.
• Molecular mechanisms involve epigenetic regulation, suggesting targeted therapeutic approaches.
• Terpenoids demonstrate potential as a safer, long-term alternative to conventional osteoporosis drugs.

Conclusions:

• Terpenoids possess promising anti-osteoporotic effects, primarily through the modulation of bone resorption.
• Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial in mediating the beneficial effects of terpenoids on bone health.
• Terpenoids represent a viable therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis prevention and management.