Modeling one-handed grip strangulation: Intentionality of the gesture and age influence

Area of Science:

• Forensic Biomechanics
• Anatomical Modeling
• Trauma Analysis

Background:

• Strangulation is a lethal act frequently examined in forensic science.
• The aging process significantly alters neck anatomy, particularly cartilage ossification and muscle mechanics.
• Previous research often lacks detailed biomechanical analysis of strangulation impacts across different age groups.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and utilize a numerical human neck model to simulate one-handed grip strangulation.
• To analyze stress distribution and fracture potential in neck structures across various age demographics.
• To compare simulated strangulation forces with average human grip strength to assess injury mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Creation of three distinct numerical neck models representing age groups: 20-30, 30-50, and over 50 years old.
• Simulation of one-handed grip strangulation using varied initial and boundary conditions.
• Comparative analysis of stress, fracture, and grip strength (average 552 N) to evaluate intentionality and injury thresholds.

Main Results:

• No fractures were observed in any age group model at a force of 552 N.
• A minimum force of 1406 N was required to induce the first fracture, specifically on the hyoid bone.
• Significant stress on the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage occurred at forces well below the fracture threshold.

Conclusions:

• The force generated by typical one-handed grip strangulation is insufficient to fracture the bony elements of the neck.
• Strangulation forces, however, can generate substantial stress on laryngeal structures.
• The study concludes that strangulation can effectively compress the larynx and impede airflow, even without causing bone fractures.