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Genetic Risk Factors for the Development of COVID-19 Coronavirus Infection.

O S Glotov1,2, A N Chernov1, S G Scherbak1,3

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Genetic variants in humans and the SARS-CoV-2 virus influence COVID-19 transmission, severity, and outcomes. Understanding these genetic factors aids in personalized medicine and the development of targeted therapies and vaccines.

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COVID-19COVID-19 vaccinescoronavirus infectiondrugsgenespolymorphismssusceptibility to coronavirus infection

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread global health and economic disruption.
  • Identifying genetic factors influencing disease susceptibility and severity is crucial for effective pandemic response.
  • Host and viral genetic variations play a role in COVID-19 outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current knowledge on human and viral genetic variants associated with COVID-19.
  • To highlight the role of genetic predisposition in disease transmission, severity, and outcomes.
  • To provide an overview of targeted therapies and vaccines in development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on genetic variants and COVID-19.
  • Analysis of human genes (e.g., ACE2, HLA-B*4601) and viral genes (e.g., ORF8, S protein).
  • Synthesis of data on genetic predisposition and disease manifestation.

Main Results:

  • Specific human gene variants (ACE2, HLA-B*4601, FcγRIIA, MBL, TMPRSS2, TNFA, IL6, blood group A) are linked to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.
  • Viral genetic variations (ORF8, ORF6, S, N, E proteins) affect transmissibility and drug/vaccine efficacy.
  • Mutations in viral proteins impact drug binding affinity and specificity, explaining individual treatment responses.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic predisposition significantly influences individual risk for COVID-19 transmission, severity, and outcomes.
  • Understanding these genetic factors is key to developing personalized medical rehabilitation and therapy programs.
  • Further research into host-pathogen genetics will guide the development of effective antiviral drugs and vaccines.