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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Psychedelics and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy.

Collin M Reiff1, Elon E Richman1, Charles B Nemeroff1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Reiff); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (Richman, McDonald); Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School and the Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin (Nemeroff); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I. (Carpenter); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif. (Rodriguez); Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (Kalin).

Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)
|September 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating anxiety disorders in adolescents. Findings indicate CBT significantly reduces symptom severity and improves overall functioning in this population.

Keywords:
AyahuascaDrug-Psychotherapy CombinationLysergic Acid DiethylamideMDMAPsilocybinPsychedelics

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Adolescent Mental Health

Background:

  • Anxiety disorders are prevalent in adolescents, impacting their development and well-being.
  • Effective, evidence-based treatments are crucial for this demographic.
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) shows promise but requires further investigation in diverse adolescent populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of CBT in reducing anxiety symptoms among adolescents.
  • To assess the impact of CBT on functional outcomes in adolescent patients.
  • To provide empirical support for CBT as a treatment for adolescent anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial design.
  • Inclusion of adolescents diagnosed with various anxiety disorders.
  • Standardized outcome measures for anxiety severity and functional impairment.
  • Therapist-guided CBT intervention over a defined treatment period.

Main Results:

  • Significant reduction in anxiety symptom scores (e.g., Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale) in the CBT group compared to the control group.
  • Improved scores on measures of social, academic, and overall functioning for adolescents receiving CBT.
  • High rates of treatment adherence and satisfaction reported by participants.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is an effective intervention for reducing anxiety symptoms in adolescents.
  • CBT positively impacts functional outcomes, supporting its clinical utility.
  • These findings support the integration of CBT into standard care for adolescent anxiety disorders.