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Shrimp Plasma CREG Is a Hemocyte Activation Factor.

Zhiqi Huang1, Peng Yang2, Fan Wang1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a novel cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated gene (CREG)-like protein in shrimp. This protein acts as a hemocyte activation factor, promoting immune cell maturation and activation in invertebrates.

Keywords:
CREGPenaeus vannameihemocyte activationphagocytosistranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Invertebrate biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Cytokines are critical immunoregulatory proteins, well-studied in vertebrates but less so in invertebrates.
  • Exploring invertebrate cytokines is essential for understanding conserved immune mechanisms.
  • Shrimp (Peaneus vannamei) offers a model for novel invertebrate cytokine discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel cytokines in the shrimp Peaneus vannamei.
  • To investigate the function of a conserved CREG-like protein in shrimp immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomics analysis of shrimp plasma low abundance proteins.
  • Characterization of shrimp CREG as a glycoprotein.
  • Functional assays involving recombinant shrimp CREG protein injection.
  • Transcriptome analysis of hemocytes post-injection.

Main Results:

  • A CREG-like protein was identified in shrimp plasma.
  • Shrimp CREG expression was significantly induced in hemolymph after LPS injection.
  • Recombinant shrimp CREG protein enhanced phagocytic and lysosome-high hemocyte proportions.
  • Transcriptome data indicated shrimp CREG promotes hemocyte maturation and activation.

Conclusions:

  • Shrimp plasma CREG is a novel hemocyte activation factor.
  • This factor likely represents a conserved myeloid cell lineage activation pathway from invertebrates to vertebrates.