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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Nominal Operating Envelope of Pod and Pen Style Electronic Cigarettes.

Edward C Hensel1, Nathan C Eddingsaas2, Qutaiba M Saleh3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Public Health
|September 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a precise method to measure the aerosolization operating envelope of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). Findings reveal significant variations in puff flow rates and durations across different ENDS, impacting product characterization and regulatory testing.

Keywords:
E-cigaretteelectronic nicotine delivery systemoperating envelopepen-stylepod-style

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) utilize sensors to activate heating coils for aerosol generation.
  • Understanding the operational parameters, specifically minimum puff flow rate and duration, is crucial for characterizing ENDS and their emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an accurate and unbiased method for quantifying the flow condition operating envelope of various ENDS.
  • To provide essential data for the design of experiments in comprehensive emissions characterization of ENDS products.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied a novel method to measure the minimum and maximum aerosolization puff flow rate and duration.
  • Tested seven pod-style, four pen-style, and two disposable ENDS devices.

Main Results:

  • Minimum aerosolization flow rates varied from 2.5 to 23 mL/s, and minimum durations ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 s across tested ENDS.
  • Maximum aerosolization flow rates, defined by the onset of liquid aspiration, ranged from 50 to 88 mL/s.
  • Preliminary estimates of the effective maximum aerosolization flow rate and duration envelope were determined for each ENDS.

Conclusions:

  • Significant variations in the operating envelopes were observed among different ENDS designs and manufacturers.
  • These findings have critical implications for developing standardized emissions testing protocols and regulatory approval processes for new ENDS products.