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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Multisensory Facilitation of Working Memory Training.

Anja Pahor1,2, Cindy Collins1, Rachel N Smith2

  • 1University of California, Riverside, Department of Psychology, Riverside, California, USA.

Journal of Cognitive Enhancement : Towards the Integration of Theory and Practice
|September 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multisensory working memory (WM) training improved performance on N-back tasks and enhanced transfer to complex WM tasks like Symmetry Span. This suggests multisensory stimuli can boost cognitive training effectiveness.

Keywords:
multisensorytrainingtransferworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Multisensory stimuli enhance memory recall compared to unisensory stimuli.
  • The impact of multisensory stimuli on working memory (WM) training and cognitive transfer remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of multisensory versus unisensory working memory training on task performance and cognitive transfer.
  • To determine if incorporating multisensory stimuli enhances working memory training outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • 240 adults were randomized into four groups: visual-only, alternating visual-auditory, multisensory (audio-visual), and a control group.
  • Participants completed 13 sessions (6.7 hours) of N-back training.
  • Cognitive transfer was assessed using various working memory tasks, including untrained N-back, Corsi Blocks, Sequencing, and Symmetry Span.

Main Results:

  • The multisensory and visual-only groups showed similar gains on the N-back training task, outperforming the alternating group.
  • All active training groups improved on untrained visual N-back tasks compared to the control group.
  • The multisensory group demonstrated significantly greater improvements on the Symmetry Span task and, to some extent, the Sequencing task.

Conclusions:

  • Multisensory working memory training can enhance performance on the trained task.
  • Incorporating multisensory stimuli may facilitate cognitive transfer to more complex working memory tasks.
  • These findings suggest potential benefits of multisensory approaches in cognitive training protocols.