[Bidirectionality of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with urolithiasis: current state of the problem]

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Cardiology
• Metabolic Medicine

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and urolithiasis (kidney stone disease) are prevalent global health issues.
• Shared risk factors and a complex interplay between these conditions are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present common risk factors for cardiovascular disease and urolithiasis.
• To discuss the pathogenesis of kidney stone formation in patients with metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension.
• To generalize the bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and urolithiasis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and data analysis on the prevalence of urolithiasis.
• Examination of pathogenetic mechanisms of stone formation.
• Generalization of the bi-directional relationship between CVD risk factors and urolithiasis.

Main Results:

• Identified common risk factors for both cardiovascular disease and urolithiasis.
• Detailed the role of metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension in stone formation.
• Highlighted the bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and kidney stone disease.

Conclusions:

• Metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension are significant contributors to kidney stone formation.
• Factors such as calcium, uric acid, citrate, urine pH, and body weight play crucial roles in urolithiasis.
• Addressing shared risk factors may offer a unified approach to managing cardiovascular and kidney stone diseases.